2019 marks the 70th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China. Various celebrations have been organized all over the country. Among them, there are many cities celebrating in the form of light and shadow shows. Shanghai brings you a refreshing experience with its unique architectural landscape light and shadow show.
In the autumn of 2019, "Shanghai celebrates the 70th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China, and the second China International Import Expo Huangpu River Light and Shadow Show" (hereinafter referred to as "Pujiang Light and Shadow Show") became one of the "Internet celebrities" with the highest appearance rate on major media platforms . According to incomplete statistics, the Pujiang Light and Shadow Show has attracted more than 12 million people to watch the scene, and the instantaneous peak of the Bund has 220,000 people. The public security department also specially invented the "wiper-type" diversion measures to ensure the safety of the performance; The TV and video live broadcasts have been watched by more than 100 million people, and they are also widely disseminated through WeChat Moments and various short video platforms, with countless viewers. On September 30th, CCTV’s integrated channel and news channel conducted a live broadcast of the Pujiang Light and Shadow Show in a live connection; November 4, the opening day of the second China International Import Expo (hereinafter referred to as the “China International Import Expo”) The "People's Daily" special page published pictures of the light and shadow show. The Pujiang Light and Shadow Show was highly praised by Chinese and foreign guests and national leaders, and its social influence was huge.
1 Stage lighting and urban landscape lighting
The author has long been engaged in theatrical stage lighting design, and has been involved in urban landscape art lighting in recent years. As the chief designer of Pujiang Light and Shadow Show, the author believes that the application and development of stage lighting design in urban landscape art lighting are inseparable from the needs of the public and the development of science and technology.
1.1 The people's pursuit of beauty
With the improvement of people's consumption level and aesthetic awareness, people expect the artistic lighting of city night scenes and the more vivid and beautiful night sceneries. Functional general lighting can no longer meet the aesthetic needs of the public. However, the current landscape lighting in some cities in China is still in the simple stage of lighting, "there is no brightest, only brighter", and no consideration is given to how to artistically brighten the city night scene. There are also many cities that use a large number of high-rise media facades, but there are few innovations in the content and form of expression, forming a pattern of one hundred cities, one screen, and one city, which is widely criticized by public opinion.
Stage art is a comprehensive art composed of a variety of factors, and its expressions are rich and diverse. Stage art workers use various methods to meet the aesthetic needs of the audience. The stage was moved from the theater to the stadium, and there were various large-scale evening parties; the stage was moved from the theater to the landscape, and there were various large-scale live performances; once the stage was placed in the entire city, stage artists would naturally interact with each other. Urban landscape lighting has produced an intersection. As a stage lighting designer with an aesthetic pursuit, facing the presentation of urban landscape lighting, he will naturally use higher artistic requirements, be good at stage lighting light color and its changing shape, create space, and artistically beautify the urban environment and decoration People's living space.
1.2 Advances in technology
Landscape lighting is an outdoor lighting project with both artistic decoration and environmental beautification functions. It can be divided into architectural landscape lighting, garden square landscape lighting, road landscape lighting, etc., including celebration of grand events or some light and shadow show performances with theme content. The number of lamps used in landscape lighting is huge, and its control system is particularly important. At present, the simple method of the landscape lighting industry is to switch the lamps and lanterns by controlling the strong current, and the more sophisticated method is to use the video matrix control method to make some dynamic changes in the lighting. The advantage of using video matrix control is that it is simple and convenient. Put a piece of video material, and the effect can appear immediately; the disadvantage is that it is impossible to quickly edit and adjust the lamps on the spot according to the designer's requirements. The power of stage lighting control lies in the on-site real-time editing, which can quickly debug various lighting effects on-site according to the designer’s needs; secondly, the stage lighting operating system has complete, efficient and reliable synchronization and centralized control of lighting, video and music. Technical solutions. Today, advanced stage technology is increasingly used in urban space landscape lighting projects. Advances in science and technology promote the artistic development of urban landscape lighting.
2 Overview of Pujiang Light and Shadow Show
2.1 Forms of expression
The Pujiang Light and Shadow Show is different from the traditional light show. In terms of its overall presentation, it is a cross-over work that combines architecture, music and drama. The presentation means can be divided into two categories. The first category is the performance of the building’s inherent lighting facilities (including architectural lighting fixtures and a small number of media facade LED displays, etc.). This part can be understood as the lighting treatment of the scenery film on the stage; the second category is the temporary additional laser The performance of stage lighting equipment such as lights, beam lights (light show lamps in the traditional sense), this part can be understood as the treatment of the stage space modeling beam.
The Pujiang Light and Shadow Show is built on the basis of architectural landscape lighting on both sides of the Huangpu River, making mutually independent urban buildings, regional plots, and both sides of the Pujiang River have a stronger connection and echo, and the city night scene has a stronger cohesion and integrity. All these architectural lighting infrastructure constructions are attributed to the Shanghai "Overall Plan of Landscape Lighting on the Banks of the Huangpu River" implemented in 2018, which has created a good foundation for the display of light performances on both banks of the Pujiang River.
2.2 Equipment and technology used
The area of the Pujiang light and shadow show covers nearly 3 square kilometers in Huangpu District, Pudong New District, and Hongkou District on both sides of the Huangpu River (see Figure 1). The average width of the river surface is about 450 m. Lighting fixtures are installed in nearly a hundred buildings on both sides of the Huangpu River. Among them, there are historical preservation buildings that have been inherited for more than 100 years, and the Shanghai Tower, represented by the second tallest in the world and the tallest in Asia. Building.
图1 舞台灯具点位图
整个系统涉及的设备数量超过百万台。其中既有建筑照明灯具，也有舞台演出经常使用的大功率全彩激光灯（见图2）、全天候防水电脑光束灯、以及建筑媒体立面LED矩阵光源等。
图2 全彩激光（摄影：洪敏）
以黄浦区外滩为例，从中山东一路的延安东路至外白渡桥段，全长1.2公里左右，共27幢保护建筑，共安装19个品种、108款，总数12 000余台双色温LED灯具（见图3）。
图3 黄埔外滩（摄影：王欣）
项目的难点在于，如何在这么庞大的空间里用光影来构筑画面，并且还要跨越黄浦江，统筹调配数以百万的设备，这也是设计师与技术人员需要解决的难题。
3 浦江光影秀的灯光设计
3.1艺术设计思路
浦江光影秀是建筑、音乐与戏剧的跨界作品，黄浦江两岸的建筑与建筑照明是呈现的基础，音乐是整个光影秀的灵魂，戏剧舞台灯光是表现手段。都说建筑是凝固的音乐，在这个项目里，让戏剧艺术与建筑相结合的纽带正是音乐。戏剧舞台灯光设计的介入，就是把音乐旋律所表达出来的情绪，通过舞台调光手段运用照明设备的特性外化到建筑物之上，尝试运用各种灯具的特性释放建筑凝固的音乐，让建筑述说自己的故事（见图4）。
图4 黄浦区外滩、虹口区北外滩（摄影：栾博翔）
3.2技术设计思路
传统建筑照明灯光都是采用常亮模式，并未引入动态调光的概念，也没有动态色温的变化。科学技术的进步使得建筑照明的调光与色温变化都有了可能，外滩建筑的所有灯具都采用DMX512信号进行逐一控制，与光束灯和激光灯一起纳入GRAND-MA2控制系统之内。一张MA2全尺寸灯光控制台扩展13台NPU，搭建了整个灯光操作系统。为保障演出稳定安全完成，考虑到施工周期、网络条件的限制，采用Visual Productions的云存储系统进行编程及远程控制双重备份机制（见图5）。通过电信3层光缆IPRan技术组网，将MA的控制信号通过LTC同步Timecore两岸、游船及市民APP的音频信号。网络遇阻的情况下，每个定点的Quadcore自动判断掉线情况，切换至本地存储的场景进行定时播放；当网络恢复时，又切换回控台的控制权，可谓是多重的安全备份。浦江两岸所有照明与音响设备全部通过中国电信城市骨干光纤网络接入到总控室之内，这为灯光、视频与音乐的信号同步打好基础。
3.3场景分析及表现手段
3.3.1 经典老建筑
以万国建筑博览群为代表的黄埔区外滩（见图6），是上海滩十里洋场的真实写照，也是整个上海近代城市开始的起点，可以称之为上海城市百年发展的第一立面。现在外滩的建筑大多形成于20世纪的20年代中晚期～30年代早期，最早可以追溯到19世纪60年代，代表了当时世界建筑设计和施工技术的一流水准。从1882年7月26日亚洲第一盏电灯在外滩亮起，暖黄色的灯光就一直伴随着外滩的成长，作为上海标志性景观，外滩夜景享誉海内外多年。
图6 万国建筑博览群（摄影：栾博翔）
面对这样宝贵的世界文化遗产，设计师所能做的就是保留经典暖黄色照明的元素，尝试使用灯具的明暗与色温变化来突出建筑本身的结构美感，并运用舞台调光手段控制灯具的明暗与色温动态变化，将音乐旋律的情绪与建筑物连接起来。当记忆里稳如磐石的27幢历史建筑伴随着为外滩定制的《外滩漫步》音乐曼妙起舞之时，灯光色温由1 800 K～3 000 K逐步变化，配合调光的律动，明灭之间远看犹如一阵阵的江涛奔流而来，随着音乐节奏的加快，铺满墙壁的灯光也随之出现明暗纹理，不同的光晕从建筑上划过，把石块筑成的楼宇映照成为金碧辉煌的宫殿。不同的光线顺着建筑结构铺陈开来，不仅凸显出每幢建筑各自的风格特点，还使得夜晚的江岸染上与白天截然不同的美，从而达到远观有气势、近看有气质、细读有故事的设计理念，所有的游客和市民为之惊叹。
3.3.2 现代建筑
浦东新区陆家嘴和虹口区北外滩的建筑风貌和黄埔区外滩截然不同。虹口区北外滩有“浦西第一高楼”，高320 m的白玉兰广场。浦东新区陆家嘴有排名亚洲第一、世界第二，高度632 m的上海中心大厦，高492 m的上海环球金融中心，高420.5 m的金茂大厦，还有一个造型前卫科幻，高468 m的东方明珠广播电视塔（见图7）。这两个区域里的建筑基本都是近代玻璃幕墙的摩天大楼。百年前的经典老建筑与百年后的摩天大楼隔江形成对话，历史在这里交融，展示了上海的过去和现在。对于这些现代建筑的表达，选择的是100 W全彩激光灯与470 W全天候防水电脑光束灯，尝试利用带有科技感的空间造型光束描绘现代城市建筑，体现现代科技让城市无限生长的主题。
图7 东方明珠广播电视塔（摄影：Six陆）
黄浦区外滩观景平台为游客主要聚集区域，结合画面美感对这一区域进行视线分析，确立了以东方明珠广播电视塔作为整个浦江光影秀视觉焦点这一方案。因激光光束指向性比较强，只有在一定的观察角度范围之内才能有良好的视觉呈现，综合考虑振镜扫描角度与激光功率因素，采用激光光束水平拼接的方式设置激光设备（见图8）。在东方明珠广播电视塔小球上方351 m操作平台安装2台100 W全彩激光灯，在中球288 m处安装3台100 W全彩激光灯，在大球上方121 m处安装3台100 W全彩激光灯。上海中心大厦在580 m的121层设置2台100 W全彩激光灯和1台60 W单绿激光灯（见图9）。
图8 激光覆盖面示意图
图9 激光点位图
不同于镜框式舞台只有一面观众，城市空间里各个角度和不同高度都有很多观众，只能尽量考虑观众最为集中的区域确保视觉效果，在激光亮度与光束覆盖面之间寻求一个最好的平衡点。全天候防水电脑光束灯作为点缀，散布于浦江两岸高楼之上，起渲染整体氛围的作用。
4 浦江光影秀的艺术呈现
4.1“浦江追梦，光耀中华”——上海庆祝新中国成立七十周年黄浦江大型光影秀
国庆光影秀的演出以国庆元素和红色基调作为主题，一共分为3个篇章，灯光CUE表见表1。年黄浦江大型光影秀
表1 国庆光影秀灯光CUE表
4.1.1 希望之光（见图10）
图10 希望之光（摄影：CP）
东方红，太阳升。70年前的5月，中国人民解放军吹响了解放上海的集结号，日出东方，人民盼来新希望。鲜艳的红旗在这座城市上空飘扬，先辈们的遗志点亮城市的每一个角落。
“希望之光”篇章选用《东方红》与《外滩漫步》乐曲做改编，视觉呈现首先跟随《东方红》的钟声点亮人民英雄纪念碑，随着一声钟声敲响，黄埔外滩万国建筑物楼顶的国旗以海关钟楼为中心依次向两侧点亮，仿佛革命的火种逐渐蔓延开来，最终在乐曲声中点亮整个城市。
伴随着《外滩漫步》华彩乐段的奏响，黄浦江的水沿着堤岸化身为一道道飞瀑流下，藏在瀑布背后的灯光系统不时地变换色彩与图案，并在水幕上形成一幅长长的画卷。在动人的音乐声中，承载着上海无数过往的27幢历史建筑上星星点点的灯光在游走，显得非常灵动，贯穿大楼的肩带，引领视觉的延伸。陆家嘴与北外滩楼顶绚丽的光束灯在夜空中仿佛伸展的臂膀，迎接八方来客。
4.1.2 城市之光（见图11）
图11 城市之光（摄影：栾博翔）
回溯上海70年的发展，最离不开的关键词就是“开放”。从1990年浦东开发开放到2010年世博会的举办，再到2013年上海自贸区挂牌，一座座摩天大楼拔地而起、冲入云霄，以“上海速度”打造“上海成就”，在新时代再创新辉煌。
“城市之光”篇章的音乐选用大合唱《我和我的祖国》，陆家嘴的楼宇根据其落成时间先后依次点亮，让观众伴随乐曲重览改革开放四十年来浦东新区天际线的变化历程。波光粼粼的浦江之水与绚丽柔和的光束灯带，仿佛能幻化出祖国母亲的坚实臂膀，将这一片光、一湾水揽入怀中。鳞次栉比的楼群霓虹闪烁，勾勒出城市恢弘的天际线，吟唱着这座城市的时代颂歌。
4.1.3 盛世宏光
空中俯瞰上海，黄浦江蜿蜒而过，汇入滔滔长江，融入茫茫东海。“盛世宏光”篇章音乐选用《红旗颂》的华彩片段，大功率全彩激光在空中绽放，配合律动的外滩建筑群灯光变化，营造全体上海市民共贺中华人民共和国成立70周年的喜庆氛围。楼体LED屏幕出现国旗元素，黄浦区、浦东新区、虹口区70座建筑顶部用灯光染为红色，形成“楼宇红顶”的视觉造型，仿佛70根别具特色的“生日蜡烛”（见图12），在音乐声中徐徐亮起。寓意全体上海市民祝福祖国母亲70周年华诞。
图12 生日蜡烛（摄影：韩耀东）
4.2“潮自东方起·客从八方来”——第二届中国国际进口博览会光影秀
在确定了以《外滩漫步》《茉莉花》《欢乐颂》分别代表上海、中国、世界的音乐作为进博会光影秀的表演音乐之后，根据每段音乐的旋律及特点，结合每栋建筑物的历史和特色，寻找灯光最佳的表现语汇。在体现每栋建筑物细节的同时，也通盘考虑了整体视觉效果，两岸三区灯光相互交融，也各有特色。光影秀同样分为3个篇章，灯光CUE表见表2。
表2 进博会光影秀灯光CUE表
4.2.1 活力浦江(见图13)
图13 活力浦江（摄影：朱莉）
城市的无限活力，建筑的美妙律动，在灯光的呼吸中完美呈现，浦江两岸座座楼宇鳞次栉比，这是上海魅力聚集之处。光束所指，点亮城市内在的肌理，优雅精致，尽显上海追求卓越的精神，谱写城市人非凡的品质和人文情怀。
“活力浦江”篇章选用代表上海的《外滩漫步》音乐做改编，灯光主色调采用适合外滩建筑表现的暖黄色，灯光整体变化节奏以舒缓大气为主，媒体墙视觉设计方面运用国产C919大飞机、长征系列运载火箭、“蛟龙号”载人潜水器等体现国产高端设备的视频元素，展示上海城市活力。
4.2.2 和谐中华（见图14）
水墨在绽开，鲜花在怒放，光影在交响。“和谐中华”篇章选用在世界上耳熟能详的《茉莉花》乐曲做改编，灯光主色调以绿色为主，媒体墙视觉图案以水墨江南、水乡风景和茉莉花为主要符号，展示当代中国人与自然和谐共生。
图14 和谐中华（摄影：易佳）
4.2.3 欢乐共赢（见图15）
光影汇集，绚烂至极，象征着各国来宾，拥聚出一曲曲欢乐祥和的乐章。光束交融，气势如虹，有如无数耀眼的合作正在此刻恢弘发生。
图15 欢乐共赢（摄影：洪敏）
“欢乐共赢”篇章选用世界名曲《欢乐颂》做改编，灯光主色调采用蓝色为主，随着节奏的欢悦变化，转为彩色。媒体墙视觉形象选取万花筒作为主要表现符号，强调世界欢乐和谐，迎合进博会的“开放创新，合作共赢”主题。
5 结语
舞台灯光设计在城市景观照明中的运用是一个创新型的课题，把戏剧舞台灯光设计的思维带到城市景观照明之中，通过深挖文化脉络，发掘有情感的建筑，展现有温度的城市，讲好有高度的故事，通过现场观众的热情程度与舆论的持续好评，可以认为这次实践是基本成功的。
通过这次难得的艺术创作实践，笔者收获了城市光影秀创作的宝贵经验。舞台灯光设计在城市景观照明中的运用，有利于提升城市的文化内涵与层次，这就要求舞台灯光设计师在技术和艺术的创新上能够娴熟地将创造性的艺术灵感转换为最直接有效的视觉呈现，并且能在照明和视觉设计的艺术性和技术实施之间找到平衡点。设计师一定要充分认识到在城市建筑物之上进行项目实施的难度，各种法律法规、安全规范、安装调试难度都和舞台演出有所差别。
衷心期待更多的舞美艺术工作者能够加入城市景观的建设中来，进行跨界的艺术实践，创造出更多优秀的作品。
选自《演艺科技》2020年第4期 谢渝熙《舞台灯光设计在城市景观照明中的运用——2019上海黄浦江大型光影秀创作体会》，转载请标注：演艺科技传媒。更多详细内容请参阅《演艺科技》。
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